Possible Interaction: Amphetamine and Diazepam

“ConclusionsThese results suggest that diazepam blocks the rewarding effect of amphetamine.”

“ Diazepam blocked the effect of amphetamine on USV and stereotypy, but not on horizontal locomotion.”

“ObjectivesIn the present study, we tested the hypothesis that diazepam can also block the increase in locomotor activity and USVs elicited by amphetamine.”

“RationaleWe have recently shown that the benzodiazepine diazepam inhibits dopamine release in the NAc and blocks the increased release of dopamine induced by DL-amphetamine.”

“Although most drugs of abuse increase the level of release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, here we show that diazepam not only causes the opposite effect but also prevents amphetamine from enhancing dopamine release.”

“ Diazepam (2 mg/kg) significantly weakened the effect of amphetamine on dopamine release without affecting dopamine re-uptake.”

“The second and third experiments demonstrated that intra-cranial injections of diazepam in the nucleus accumbens blocked the expression of amphetamine CPP but not of morphine CPP.”

“ Diazepam equally blocked both morphine and amphetamine unconditioned and conditioned locomotor hyperactivity.”

“However, pre-testing injections of diazepam blocked the expression of amphetamine-induced CPP, and co-injections of diazepam blocked the formation of amphetamine CPP.”

“Hamsters treated with AMPH plus diazepam exhibited: 1) increased weight loss; 2) increased mortality; 3) increased scores of M. bovis colony forming units (CFU) isolated from liver, lung and spleen; 4) increased granuloma areas measured in the liver, lung and spleen.”

“The present data, which demonstrate an impaired defense against M. bovis in hamsters treated with AMPH plus diazepam or with diazepam alone, were tentatively explained on the basis of a direct and/or indirect action of the drugs on macrophage/lymphocyte activity.”

“Treatment with amphetamine AMPH ) and diazepam has been reported to decrease macrophage activity The present experiment was undertaken to investigate the effects of AMPH and/or diazepam given alone or in combination on hamster resistance to Mycobacterium bovis.”

“ Prenatal diazepam exposure attenuated the effect of amphetamine in all regions; statistically significant differences between ROD levels of prenatally vehicle/adult amphetamine-treated and prenatally diazepam/adult amphetamine-treated groups were seen in ventrolateral caudate putamen, nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle.”

“In contrast, pretreatment with diazepam blocked the potent inducing effect of amphetamine , in both brain regions.”

“Neuroleptic drugs (chlorpromazine, haloperidol, tardan and clozapine), anxiolytic drugs diazepam and meprobamate) and reserpine suppressed the rage reaction induced by APT in mice.”

“Thus, during time out no specific effects were observed following morphine, amino-oxyacetic acid, caffeine or para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), although amphetamine , chlordiazepoxide (CDP) and diazepam (DZP) produced dose dependent changes in lever pressing rate.”

“Less clear potentiation of disruption of the temporal pattern of responding was observed when amphetamine and diazepam were combined.”

“When doses of amphetamine that decreased the response rate were combined with diazepam , the amphetamine-induced rate decreases were reversed at least partially.”

“When doses of amphetamine that increased the response rate or left it unchanged were combined with diazepam , a potentiated increase in response rate occurred.”