Possible Interaction: Ammonia and Taurine

“A previous study showed that treatment of C6 glioma cells with 10 mM ammonium chloride ( ammonia” ) for 24 h decreases taurine uptake and evokes sodium-dependent taurine efflux, indicating reversal of the taurine transporter (TauT)-mediated transport as an underlying mechanism.”

“The exogenous taurine could mitigate the adverse effect of high ammonia level on fish physiological disorder.”

“The exogenous taurine could mitigate the adverse effect of high ammonia level on fish physiological disorder.”

“The results suggest that stimulation of both GABAA and glycine receptors is involved in the mechanism by which taurine limits the activation of the NMDA/NO/cGMP pathway by ammonia in the striatum.”

“ Ammonia stimulated Tau accumulation in the microdialysates to ∼250% of the basal value.”

“The results are consistent with the assumption that ammonia stimulates Tau efflux mainly via activation of ionotropic Glu receptors.”

“Subacute or chronic HE, and also long-term treatment of cultured CNS cells in vitro with ammonia , increase spontaneous Tau “leakage” from the tissue.”

“NMDA receptor antagonists, MK-801 ((+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo [a,d]cycloheptene-5,10-imine maleate,10 microM) …-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid, 250 microM), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-nitroarginine (L-NNA, 500 microM), and an antioxidant, taurine (Tau, 10 mM), …-increasing effect of ammonia.”

“ Ammonia strongly stimulated taurine (by 380% at 20 min), and only moderately glutamate (30% at 20 min) or glutamine efflux (76% at 20 min).”

“Acute exposure to ammonia (3 h incubation with NH4Cl) raised the concentration of glutamine and other amino acids, such as glutamate and aspartate, and decreased myo-inositol, hypotaurine, and taurine concentrations.”

“Here we showed that a 24 h … of the cells with 1 mM ammonia increased … Tau release and intracellular cAMP content in a degree similar to acute treatment with 5 mM ammonia, and … effects were similarly resistant to an increase of medium tonicity by addition of 50 mM sucrose.”