Possible Interaction: Ammonia and Tannins

“During a 24 h in vitro caecal fermentation, the utilisation of tannins at 0.75, 1.5, 3, and 6 g/l significantly reduced total gas production and concentrations of ammonia and volatile fatty acids and increased viable counts of enterococci and coliforms.”

“When fed to piglets at 1.13, 2.25, and 4.5 g/kg, tannins significantly improved feed efficiency and reduced caecal concentrations of ammonia , iso-butyric, and iso-valeric acid.”

“ Tannin , irrespective of type or dose, decreased (P < 0.01) ruminal ammonia concentration.”

“ Tannin treatments reduced ammonia (NH₃) and branched-chain VFA concentrations, indicating a reduction in ruminal protein degradation.”

“The tannin positively affected the silage quality in the round bale silages, in particular reducing ammonia and NPN in the lowest wilting level.”

“Saponin supplementation and the high tannin dose showed some potential to reduce ruminal ammonia concentration.”

“ Tannin content of PS was reduced by 42% after ammoniation.”

“Direct application of tannins to manure also decreases ammonia emissions.”

“Several show that the administration of tannins in pigs, chicken, and ruminants decreases the levels of ammonia , p-cresol, skatole, and/or H2S, improving meat/milk quality and reducing manure odor.”

“A higher level of tannin addition reduced ruminal total VFA concentration, ammonia , in vitro DM digestibility, and in vitro organic matter digestibility of Indigofera and Moringa silages (p<0.05).”

“Higher addition level of tannin decreased total volatile fatty acid (VFA) and ammonia concentrations of both Indigofera and Moringa silages (p<0.05).”

“The moderate presence of tannins in YM could have affected the degradation kinetics of pasture CP and ADF and the ammonia production of pellets.”

“Treatment of high-tannin sorghum grain with ammonia has been reported to inactivate the tannins and increase the nutritional value for rats and chicks.”