Possible Interaction: Ammonia and Fructooligosaccharide

“ Fructooligosaccharides decreased fecal ammonia (P = 0.07) and isovalerate (P = 0.12) concentrations at wk 6.”

“Addition of FOS also resulted in lower pH and ammonia , which might have been used as nitrogen source by pig microbiota.”

“Furthermore, the relative abundance of Fusobacterium and ammonia production with related metabolic genes were greatly reduced with B-FOS and FOS treatment compared to the control group.”

“ Fructo-oligosaccharides also increased total organic acid concentration and decreased ammonia production.”

“… FOS and protein concentration in regards to fecal pH (p < 0.05), propionic acid (p < 0.05), acetic to propionic acid and acetic + n-butyric … ATTD of CP (p < 0.05) and Mn (p < 0.001).ConclusionsA relatively moderate increase of dietary protein resulted in higher concentrations of ammonia ….”

“The results indicated that the supplementation of 0.4 % FOS could increase the nonspecific immunity, antioxidant capacity and HSP70 and HSP90 expression of blunt snout bream and enhance its resistance to high ammonia stress.”

“Compared with the CTRL, ammonia had been reduced (P<0.05) by GOS (-9%) after 6 h and by GA (-14%), LAC (-12%), and PEC (-10%) after 24 h. After 24 h, all treatments had resulted in a lower pH versus the CTRL.”

“Both FOS and pectin supplementation resulted in increased fecal scores (P < 0.001) and concentrations of ammonia (P = 0.003) and 4-methyl phenol (P = 0.003).”