Possible Interaction: Ammonia and Alpha-Ketoglutarate

“It has been shown that ammonia production from glutamine and glutamate was stimulated by NAD and ADP and was inhibited by oxoglutarate.”

“ Oxoglutarate substantially stimulated ammonia production from branched-chain amino acids.”

“Additionally, the in vitro study showed that the addition of 0.5, 2, and 3 mM AKG dose-dependently decreased (P < 0.05) the net utilization of Gln and formulation of ammonia , Glu, Ala, and Asp by IPEC-1.”

“In the present study, we have evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) to mitigate acute effects of ammonia on lung structure and antioxidant status in experimental animals.”

“ alpha-Ketoglutarate was found to be a potent competitive inhibitor of ammonia production and glutamate dehydrogenase.”

“These results support the concept that KG is a specific regulator of renal ammonia production in acute acid-base stresses.”

“We propose that KG may play a major regulatory role in the early adaptation of renal ammonia production to acidosis.”

“It is demonstrated that the preferential … NADPH observed on addition of ammonia to mitochondria, preincubated under energized … in the presence of α-oxoglutarate , is due to a transhydrogenation catalysed by glutamate dehydrogenase rather than to an …-dependent modification of the nicotinamide nucleotide specificity of the enzyme in intact mitochondria.”

“Prior and simultaneous administration of the drug ornithine alpha ketoglutarate not only attenuates the rise in blood ammonia but also favourably affects these changes in brain metabolism.”

“It is shown that ammonia can relieve the inhibition by α-oxoglutarate or isocitrate of the incorporation into liver mitochondria, that this effect is not due to the glutamate formed, and that this is correlated with oxidation of NADPH to NADP + .”

“These results indicate that a LP diet supplemented with AKG can alter the balance in microbial communities, increasing the population of SCFA-producing bacteria and the amounts of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium, while reducing the counts of Escherichia coli and the amount of ammonia in the cecum.”