Possible Interaction: Amiodarone and Antioxidants

“Specifically, amiodarone decreased antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, SOD, GPx, and GR and increased oxidative stress.”

“These studies indicate that imbalance of oxidative stress and antioxidant status and resulting inflammatory response could lead to pulmonary toxicity with amiodarone treatment.”

“Using in vitro biochemical, biophysical and in vivo animal research it was found … stress plays a substantial role in the pathogenesis of amiodarone toxicity and antioxidants co-… amiodarone exert at least partial protective effect on amiodarone toxicity, while antioxidants … diminish and perhaps even enhanced the antiarrhythmic action of amiodarone.”

“… antioxidants … amiodarone may lead to the more widespread application of amiodarone, which is currently the most potent available antiarrhythmic agent, but its clinical use is limited … and atrial dysfunction, which are important determinants of the transition of hypertensive heart disease to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction was verified.”

“Oxidative stress and lysosomal phospholipoidosis, which also might be partly attributed to free radicals induced by amiodarone AM ), may be involved in AM toxicity, which can be prevented by antioxidants.”

“Amiodarone treatment increased lysosomal phospholipidosis (P<0.001) estimated by semi-quantitative electron microscopic method and both antioxidants combined with amiodarone reduced significantly (P<0.001 for both) the amiodarone-induced lysosomal phospholipidosis.”

“ Antioxidants combined … amiodarone significantly decreased the liver-conjugated diene (P<0.001 for both), TBARS (P=0.016 for vitamin E, P=0.053 borderline for silymarin) and plasma total PL (P=0.058 borderline for vitamin E, P<0.01 for silymarin) concentrations compared with amiodarone treatment alone.”

“Several antioxidants have been shown to reduce lysosomal phospholipidosis, which is a potential mechanism of amiodarone toxicity, and prevent amiodarone toxicity by antioxidant and/or non-antioxidant mechanisms.”

“Thus, both antioxidant action and inhibition of tissue uptake of amiodarone might have an important role in the preventative effect of antioxidants against amiodarone toxicity.”

“In conclusion, free radicals generated by amiodarone may be implicated in the adverse effects of amiodarone on cell-mediated immune response, and antioxidants applied together with amiodarone may protect against or reduce both the unfavorable immunological effects of amiodarone and amiodarone toxicity.”

“In groups treated with amiodarone plus either antioxidant , both the spontaneous and con A-induced splenocyte proliferation were significantly increased compared with the amiodarone-treated group, and were similar to those in the control group.”

“Conclusions In this study we found that hepatotoxicity capacity of amiodarone may be reduced by taking up antioxidants.”

“Several antioxidants have been shown to reduce, and prevent AMI toxicity.”