Possible Interaction: Alanine and Epinephrine

“Despite this adrenaline increases the production of the gluconeogenic amino acid alanine by muscle and its uptake by the splanchnic bed.”

“In plasma all individual amino acids except alanine and glutamate decreased in the subjects receiving adrenaline or a triple-hormone combination.”

“Similarly, epinephrine produced a sustained increase in the net splanchnic uptake of cold lactate (four- to fivefold) and alanine (50-80%) although the fractional extraction of both substrates by splanchnic tissues was unchanged.”

“ Adrenaline induced a twofold and vasopressin a 34% increase in the concentration of alanine (P < 0.001), whereas isoprenaline, adenosine and alpha-agonists had no significant effect.”

“In conclusion, the present study showed that adrenaline , via a beta-adrenergically mediated activation of glycogenolysis, possibly further stimulated by ischaemia, induced an increased release of alanine from skeletal muscle.”

“Following … of epinephrine, alanine decreased from 358 +/- 29 to 254 +/- 17 mmol/l (p less than 0.05), indicating that the increase in urea synthesis was due … effect on the liver rather than on extra-hepatic tissues, in that more aminonitrogen was eliminated from plasma than released into it.”

“The inhibitory effects of isomers of norepinephrine and epinephrine on the binding showed that l-isomers were over 10 times more potent than d-isomers.”

“ l-Isomers of norepinephrine and epinephrine were over 10 times more potent than d-isomers in displacing the binding.”

“Serotonin (10(-5) M) and epinephrine (10(-5) M) inhibited alanine and glutamine release equally in preparations from 6-hydroxydopamine-pretreated as compared to control rats.”

“… epinephrine … alanine and glutamine release from control preparations, but no inhibition was observed from diabetic preparations with <0.1 mM. 10 nM epinephrine stimulated lactate production … preparations was observed only at 0.1 mM. Serotonin inhibited amino acid release and stimulated lactate production equally in control and diabetic muscle.”

“With control muscles, 1 nm or greater, epinephrine inhibited alanine and glutamine release, whereas with uremic muscles, epinephrine concentrations <1 muM did not alter amino acid release.”

“ Epinephrine reduced the release of alanine and glutamine in a concentration-dependent manner.”