Possible Interaction: Alanine and Asparagine

“We found that alanine at position 37 in CssAII, in conjunction with asparagine at position 97 in CssBII, was responsible for the decreased levels of AIIBII on the bacterial surface.”

“Substitution of Asn at position 309 and Ser at position 313 with Ala increased the affinity to claudin-4 by 9.9-fold as compared to C-CPE194.”

“A control run shows that when Asn is mutated to Ala , the stability and population of the DFAKF parallel beta-sheet is decreased.”

“Replacement of asparagine 5 , proline 6, or histidine 12 with alanine resulted in >2700-fold, 700-fold, and approximately 2700-fold losses in toxin potency, respectively.”

“Of the amino acids that are notably enriched in ECF, glutamate (GLU), alanine (ALA), serine (SER), asparagine (ASN), and taurine (TAU) individually enhanced MV production, whereas proline (PRO), glycine (GLY), and aspartate (ASP) had essentially no effect.”

“In addition, D-alanine, D-alpha-amino-n-biutyrate, L-threonine, L-asparagine , L-alpha, beta-diaminoproprionate, L-ornithine, L-lysine and S-2-aminoethyl-L-cysteine also significantly stimulated L-alanine efflux.”

“ Replacing asparagine (position 9) with an alanine resulted in a 5-fold more active analog.”

“Further molecular dynamics simulations suggested that the substitution of asparagine with alanine or glycine may introduce more hydrogen bonds, increase the flexibility of loop 6, enhance the interactions between enzyme and substrate, and thus improve the substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency.”

“Substitution of the asparagine ligand with alanine or isoleucine results in inactive enzymes with respect to α-isopropylmalate formation.”

“Mutation of these asparagines to alanines resulted in delayed nucleus formation.”