Possible Interaction: Agmatine and Norepinephrine

“In addition, agmatine treatment in control mice increased noradrenaline , serotonin, and dopamine levels, CREB phosphorylation, mature BDNF and synaptotagmin I immunocontents, and reduced pro-BDNF immunocontent in the hippocampus.”

“These results indicate that agmatine prevents the ischemic renal injury by sympathoinhibitory effect probably via I(1) receptors in central nervous system and by suppressing the norepinephrine overflow through alpha(2) or I(1) receptors on sympathetic nerve endings.”

“ Agmatine was found to be ineffective on contractile responses of noradrenaline in electrically driven ventricular strips of frog heart.”

“ Agmatine decreased MHPG levels at 300 and 400 mg/kg, however it decreased norepinephrine levels only at the higher dose.”

“In contractions induced by exogenous drugs, agmatine potentiated, only in the prostatic segment, the effects of noradrenaline (norepinephrine) or ATP; it also enhanced the effect of low concentrations of KCl and blocked the maximum effect of the higher concentrations.”

“ Agmatine (6 and 60 mg/kg), an endogenous agonist at I1-binding sites, reduced noradrenaline overflow (−36 or 53%), even under α2-adrenoceptor blockade.”

“ Agmatine reduces noradrenaline release in pithed SHR while α2‐adrenoceptors are irreversibly blocked with phenoxybenzamine, but not while I1‐binding sites are selectively blocked with AGN192403.”

“This suggests that agmatine may modulate noradrenaline release in the same way that clonidine does, i.e. via imidazoline binding sites; this involves a reduction in sympathetic tone which in turn reduces blood pressure and heart rate.”

“In vitro, agmatine failed to change the firing rate of LC neurones nor did it antagonize the inhibitory effect of noradrenaline on these cells.”