Possible Interaction: Adrenergic Beta-Antagonists and Glucose

“Thus glucose Ra was significantly increased by beta-blockade during rest and exercise at sea level.”

“We conclude that altitude exposure increases glucose use during rest and a given submaximal exercise bout and beta-blockade exaggerates the response.”

“The commonly used antihypertensive drugs, thiazides and betablockers , both induce impairments in both glucose and lipid metabolism and the thiazides are known to cause an elevation of serum urate.”

“ beta-blockade reduced the increases of lactate, glucose , glycerol, insulin, and growth hormone, exaggerated the depression of FFA and had no effect on cortisol.”

“In addition, beta-blocking agents influence the secretion of many hormones, which regulate glucose.”

“In fact, the effects of reducing sympathetic activity by beta-blockers on the myocardium, skeletal muscle, inflammatory system, metabolism of free fatty acids and glucose , insulin resistance, serum electrolytes, renal function and oxygen free radical generation are illustrated and discussed.”

“Intravenous infusion of glucose and insulin increases sympathetic activity and a proportion of the rise in energy expenditure can be blocked with a beta blocker ; the e€ect appears to be largely beta-1 [12,13].”

“The ER stress, SO production, and cell death induced by 27.5 mM dextrose were inhibited by all 3 beta blockers tested.”

“However, β‐blockers are perceived to cause glucose and lipid metabolism dysregulation, including hypoglycemia masking, reduced glycemic control, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia.”

“However, older antihypertensive agents such as thiazide diuretics and beta-blockers have potentially adverse effects on glucose and lipid metabolism and may even the exacerbate the metabolic syndrome and increase risk of type 2 diabetes.”

“In addition, in patients treated with BB a significative increase in baseline glucose (4.4 [12.3] mg/dl; p = 0.013) and uric acid (1.18 [4.18]; p = 0.031) were observed.”