Possible Interaction: Adenosine Triphosphate and Riboflavin

“These results correlate with previous data produced in our laboratory, and point towards the following proposals (i) FAD release is the rate limiting step of the catalytic cycle and (ii) ATP and FMN binding sites are synergistically connected.”

“ Riboflavin depletion led to a significant reduction in intracellular ATP concentration, and an enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species was also observed in response to riboflavin depletion, in all cell lines; effects were at least fivefold greater in Caco-2 cells than other cells.”

“However, there are intriguing links between the actions of riboflavin , which markedly improves ATP production through the mito-chondrial chain (9), and NO scavengers such as hydroxoCbl.”

“ ATP added to the incubation medium to a concentration of 10(-6)M or glucose in a 10(-3)M concentration enhanced riboflavin transport across the membrane.”

“After administering ATP together with riboflavin , the level of the vitamin in erythrocytes was higher than without ATP, suggesting that ATP is participated in the penetration of the vitamin in the cells.”

“FAD synthesis catalyzed by recombinant isoform 2 of FADS occurs via an ordered bi-bi mechanism in which ATP binds prior to FMN , and pyrophosphate is released before FAD.”

“The resulting enzyme catalyzes the adenylation of FMN with ATP to produce FAD and PP(i).”

“ FMN and ATP inhibited both enzymes.”

“… riboflavin … ATP , it was found that the courses of FAD and of riboflavinyl-glucoside are roughly parallel, that the amount of FAD was greatest when the … increased with the increase of the glucoside and that the loading of FAD in vivo resulted in the increase of FMN alone.4.”