Possible Interaction: Adenosine Triphosphate and Glucosamine

“ GlcN non-competitively inhibits basal glucose transport, which in part depends on GlcN-mediated depletion of ATP stores.”

“Furthermore, glucosamine (>0.1 mM) inhibited the extracellular release of granule contents ( ATP and platelet factor 4) and production of thromboxane A2 from ADP-stimulated platelets (p < 0.05).”

“ Glucosamine also acutely reduced cellular glucose uptake, glucokinase activity and intracellular ATP levels.”

“Incubation of diaphragm muscles with 10 mM glucosamine for 3 h resulted in an approximately fivefold increase in UDP-HexNAcs, an approximately 50% reduction in insulin responsiveness of glucose transport, and a 58% reduction in ATP concentration.”

“Measurement of intracellular ATP demonstrated that the effects of glucosamine were highly correlated with its ability to reduce ATP levels.”

“In adult retina d -glucosamine markedly inhibits [ 3 H]leucine incorporation into the acid-insoluble fraction and causes a clear reduction of the ATP level.”

“The retinal content of ATP shows a modest increment after incubation with low concentrations of D-glucosamine (0.5--2.0 mM) and a remarkable fall at higher concentrations.”

“Both effects seem to result from a rapid loss of adenosine triphosphate and uridine triphosphate during incubation of the cells with high concentrations of glucosamine , which loss is caused by the rapid phosphorylation of the glucosamine taken up by the cells.”

“ Glucosamine in the absence or in the presence of low (1 mm) concentrations of glucose caused a significant reduction of the intracellular ATP pool.”

“Exposure to glucosamine reduced survival of cultured Schwann cells and neurons accompanied by increased expression of cleaved caspase 3, CCAT-enhancer-binding homologous protein and mitochondrial hexokinase-I, along with ATP depletion.”