Possible Interaction: Adenosine Triphosphate and Creatine

“ Creatine supplementation has been shown to augment muscle PCr content and increase the rate of ATP resynthesis.”

“In human cells, while Cr induced a release of ATP , IL‐6, and IL‐8 from BEAS‐2B cells, whole blood cells, such as eosinophils, and CD4+ T cells, P2 × 7 receptor inhibitor (A740003) reduced such effects, as denoted by reduced levels of ATP, IL‐6, and IL‐8.”

“We used murine model of OVA‐induced chronic asthma and showed that Cr supplementation increased total proteins, ATP level, lymphocytes, macrophages, and IL‐5 levels in BALF, as well as IL‐5 in the supernatant of re‐stimulated mediastinal lymph nodes.”

“The addition of creatine to IVF medium enhanced sperm capacitation by increasing ATP levels.”

“ Creatine (5 and 10 mM) further increased the ATP level at all glucose concentrations, and the effect was observed even in the absence of glucose.”

“Furthermore, only a moderate decrease of energy-rich metabolites (phosphocreatine reduced by 17%, ATP reduced by 19%) was present, whereas total creatine was reduced by 51%.”

“The ergogenic effect of Cr is related to an increase in temporal and spatial buffering of ATP and to increased muscle buffer capacity.”

“It has been suggested that creatine supplementation may increase intramuscular phosphocreatine stores and promote more rapid recovery of adenosine triphosphate levels following exercise, thus allowing users to exercise for longer periods or at higher intensity levels.”

“Creatine kinase is a member of the phosphagen kinase family, which catalyzes the reversible phosphoryl transfer reaction that occurs between ATP and creatine to produce ADP and phosphocreatine.”

“ Creatine (20 mM) and AMP (2 mM) markedly stimulated mitochondrial respiration in the presence of submaximal ADP or ATP concentrations, and creatine reduced apparent Km for ADP in stimulation of respiration, which indicates the functional coupling of mitochondrial kinases to oxidative phosphorylation.”

“Dietary advice should be provided to LOV athletes that supplementation with creatine may help to increase their muscle stores of creatine, and thus their ATP resynthesis capabilities, to levels similar to those of omnivores.”