Possible Interaction: Adenosine Triphosphate and Choline

“As phospholipid synthesis for maintaining membrane integrity in mammalian brain cells consumes approximately 10-15% of the total adenosine triphosphate (ATP) pool, an increased availability of brain choline may lead to an increase in ATP consumption.”

“The enzyme choline kinase (CK), which catalyzes the phosphorylation of choline to phosphorylcholine in the presence of ATP , has an essential role in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine, the major constituent of all mammalian cell membranes.”

“The relations between ATP and either Lac, Ch , or GABA levels were exponential.”

“ ATP also stimulated a rapid increase in choline , and inhibition of phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis blocked ATP-evoked ERK activation.”

“ ATP significantly stimulated the formation of choline in a dose-dependent manner in the range between 0.01 and 0.5 mmol/L. However, ATP had no effect on the formation of phosphocholine.”

“ ATP stimulated the formation of both choline and inositol phosphates dose-dependently in the range between 0.1 and 1 mM. The formation of choline by a combination of ATP and NaF, an activator of GTP-binding protein, was synergistic, whereas that of inositol phosphates was not.”

“The labelling of phosphocholine was increased (approximately 60%) at as early as … s and remained elevated at subsequent time points, whereas labelling of choline was higher only with ATP at 50 s and later, suggesting activation of phospholipase C by both agonists, and of phospholipase D by only ATP.”

“ Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was found to inhibit the transport of choline , whereas the accumulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid was not affected.”

“Addition of ATP or ADP to brain homogenates increased ATP concentrations and significantly inhibited choline accumulation.”

“ ATP enhanced the Ca2+-induced choline influx.”