Possible Interaction: Adenosine Triphosphate and Alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid

“Consistently, inhibition of ATP synthase by 2-HG or α-KG in glioblastoma cells is sufficient for growth arrest and tumor cell killing under conditions of glucose limitation, e.g., when ketone bodies (instead of glucose) are supplied for energy.”

“We show that α-KG inhibits ATP synthase and, similar to ATP synthase knockdown, inhibition by α-KG leads to reduced ATP content, decreased oxygen consumption, and increased autophagy in both C. elegans and mammalian cells.”

“…)α-Ketoglutarate … adenosine triphosphate synthase , which in together promote the formation of cAMP/CRP regulon to increase the expression of complement-binding proteins HtrE, NfrA, and YhcD. … the infection with serum-resistant bacteria, an especially valuable approach for treating individuals with weak acquired immunity but a normal complement system.”

“Flux through α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase was inhibited at high ATP :ADP ratios due to the high succinyl-CoA to CoA ratio, with the inhibition potentiated by an increase of the NADH:NAD ratio and relieved by an increased availability of intramitochondrial α-ketoglutarate.”

“Addition of α-ketoglutarate induces an immediate transformation of endogenous AMP into ATP and a simultaneous fatty acid oxidation.”

“Consequently, when ATP was present, the antagonism between ADP and α-ketoglutarate allowed each of these effectors to influence the PII Kact for activation of ATase.”