Possible Interaction: Adenosine Triphosphate and Alpha-Ketoglutarate

“ α‐KG suppresses ATP synthase and alterations of the energy metabolism trigger the nutritional sensors to down‐regulate mTOR pathway.”

“However, αketoglutarate has also been suggested to inhibit MTOR signaling and ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation, two conditions that would rather support autophagy activation [7].”

“Our results showed that H(2)O(2) (250 micromol …))-induced damages, such as impaired motility, adenosine triphosphate ATP ) depletion, inhibition of sperm protein phosphorylation, reduced acrosome reaction and …, could be significantly prevented by incubation of the spermatozoa with alpha-ketoglutarate (4 mmol L(-1)) … (4 mmol L(-1)).”

“In intact tubules, the protective substrate combination of alpha-ketoglutarate + malate (alpha-KG/MAL) increased ATP three- to fourfold, limited NEFA accumulation during hypoxia by 50%, and lowered NEFA during reoxygenation.”

“The presence of substrate alpha-ketoglutarate (4 mM) prevents inactivation of the aminotransferase by either one of the ATP analogs.”

“ ATP also caused a simultaneous decrease in the cell content of oxoglutarate ; together with the increased flux this is consistent with an activation of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase.”

“Addition of alpha-ketoglutarate , 5 mmol/l, caused a reversal of gluconeogenesis inhibition, an increase in ATP content, and a delay in citrate accumulation in isolated rat kidney tubules incubated with FAC.”

“ ATP (1.6 ….5 for alpha-ketoglutarate , and Ca2+ appreciably reduced the effect, lowering the S0.5 98-fold from 66 to 0.67 mM. Thus the activity …-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex is poised to increase as the energy potential in mitochondria declines, and Ca2+ has a pronounced modulatory effect.”

“In the presence of Mg2+, ATP resulted in a marked increase in the apparent Km for oxoglutarate , whereas ADP greatly decreased thisp arameter.”

“The elevation of the ATP potential by 2-oxoglutarate is most likely due to substrate level phosphorylation.”