Possible Interaction: Adenosine and Cardiotonic Agents

“Many compounds and procedures can trigger cardioprotection including conditionings (exposure to brief episodes of ischaemia-reperfusion to protect against sustained ischaemia-reperfusion), hypoxia, adenosine , acetylcholine, adrenomedullin, angiotensin, bradykinin, catecholamines, endothelin, estrogens, phenylephrine, opioids, testosterone, and many more.”

“Thus adenosine is both an important trigger and a mediator of cardioprotection.”

“At the cellular level, adenosine induces cardioprotection by directly acting on cardiomyocytes, by inhibiting platelet aggregation and adhesion of inflammatory cells to the endothelium, and by reducing the production of superoxide by neutrophils [3,4].”

“ Adenosine administered in a dropwise manner was found to exert a cardioprotective effect.”

“These findings also indicated that 5 minutes after administration of adenosine or release of adenosine is an important time window for cardioprotection during cardiac surgery.”

“ Adenosine exerts a potent cardioprotective effect that is mediated by adenosine A1 and A3 receptors.”

“The potent vasodilator effects of adenosine may contribute to this cardioprotection as ischaemia‐induced release of endogenous adenosine has been suggested to adjust local blood flow to the metabolic demands of the tissue.”

“The studies have shown that adenosine may elicit cardioprotection via activation of neurogenic pathway.”

“These data suggested a possible functional coupling between the adenosine and muscarinic receptors behind the observed cardioprotection.”

“Intra-arterial injection of adenosine into a limb also leads to cardioprotection , but the mechanism of its signal transduction is poorly understood.”