Possible Interaction: Adenosine and Allopurinol

“ Allopurinol , a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, may increase circulating pools of adenosine and may ultimately have antipsychotic and anxiolytic effects.”

“In the lack of direct adenosine agonists, allopurinol may indirectly elevate adenosine levels by inhibiting degradation of purines.”

“Allantoic acid production by the nodule cytosol fraction with inosine-5'-monophosphate , inosine, xanthosine-5'-monophosphate, xanthosine, hypoxanthine, or xanthine as substrates was NAD(+)-dependent and blocked by allopurinol.”

“ Allopurinol (10μM) significantly increased the level of adenosine in rat heart dialysate (n=6, p<0.05), which was inhibited by chelerythrine, 10μM, an antagonist of protein kinase C (PKC).”

“In addition, allopurinol enhanced the diacylglycerol (DAG; 50μM)-induced also increases in adenosine production by 71.5±12.0% (n=6, P<0.05), to a level significantly (P<0.05) greater than the increase caused by DAG alone (33.0±10.6%).”

“In the presence of allopurinol (10μM), a marked elevation of AMP-primed dialysate adenosine in ischemia/reperfused rat hearts was observed.”

“ Allopurinol also caused an increase in cerebrospinal fluid levels of purines, including the nucleosides adenosine and guanosine, and decreased cerebrospinal fluid concentration of uric acid.”

“ Allopurinol inhibits purine degradation under severe hypoxic conditions and results in a significant increase in brain tissue levels of adenosine and inosine.”

“Two possible mechanisms were associated to the nucleoside protection: (1) the peroxide-metabolyzed enzymes, GSH-per, showed a marked increase after 30 … important role of this enzyme in the nucleoside's action; (2) the adenosine catabolism induced an increase in uric acid level, and allopurinol , a purine … of adenosine ….”

“ Allopurinol augmented the wash-out of adenosine and abolished that of xanthine and urate.”

“IMP, adenosine and AMP concentrations are increased in presence of allopurinol or oxypurinol during anoxia and reoxygenation.”

“The results of this study indicate that allopurinol exerts specific effects on the vasodilatory component of adenosine and prevents the adenosine-suppressive effect on the renin-angiotensin system.”