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“All of these effects of morphine could be suppressed by the JNK inhibitor SP600125 and N‐acetylcysteine.”
“ROS in turn exerted feedback regulation on JNK activation, as shown by the observations that cyclosporin A and the antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK induced by morphine.”
“LFP analysis revealed that morphine significantly decreased alpha (9.7-12Hz) and increased low gamma (30.3-44.9Hz) and high gamma (60.5-95.7Hz) powers in the NAc whereas M. speciosa alkaloid extract did not.”
“Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the development of complex regional pain syndrome-Type I (…), as also demonstrated with the chronic post ischemia pain (CPIP) animal model of CRPS-I. We show that morphine and the …-acetylcysteine ( NAC ) act synergistically to reduce … allodynia in CPIP rats.”
“Furthermore, synaptophysin expression in the NAc was significantly greater after chronic administration of thienorphine, morphine , or both, than after saline.”
“These observations provide evidence that cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the NAc are involved in development of reward-related behaviors and they can potentiate the rewarding effects of morphine.”
“We trust that this NAC activity could play, at least in part, a significantly role in morphine dependence and tolerance inhibition observed during the concurrent administration of morphine , NSO and NAC and thereby should be considered in data interpretation.”