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“There are seven BoNT serotypes (A,B,CI D ,E,F, and G), all of which inhibit acetylcholine release , though their intracellular target proteins, the characteristics of their actions, and their potencies vary substantially.”
“An increase in the degree of synchrony of ACh quantal release, such as that produced by Glu, was obtained after application of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartic acid (NMDA).”
Zhonghua lao dong wei sheng zhi ye bing za zhi = Zhonghua laodong weisheng zhiyebing zazhi = Chinese journal of industrial hygiene and occupational diseases • 2002 | View Paper
“BACKGROUND & AIMS In esophageal circular muscle, acetylcholine activates phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipases C and D and phospholipase A2, producing diacylglycerol and arachidonic acid, which cause contraction by interacting synergistically to activate protein kinase C. In a model of acute esophagitis, leukotriene D4 (LTD4) contributes to acetylcholine-induced contraction.”
“Endothelium-dependent vasodilator responses to acetylcholine were significantly depressed in both diabetic groups ( D and D + U, p < 0.01 versus control), and there were no differences between the two diabetic groups.”
“The … of Asp to Asn decreased the affinity of the receptor for ACh 100-fold, whereas the mutation of either Asp, Glu, or 8 other acidic residues in the same region of decreased the affinity by 3-fold or less (Czajkowski, C., Kaufmann, C., and Karlin, A.(1993) Proc.”
The Journal of Biological Chemistry • 1995 | View Paper
“The results presented … that in D neurons of the … Helix pomatia L., acetylcholine (ACh) (10 divided by 100 microM) and serotonin (5-HT) (0.1 divided by 1000 microM) applications reduce both the basal intracellular concentration level ([Ca2+]in) and the amplitudes of calcium transients induced by membrane depolarization.”