Possible Interaction: Acetylcarnitine and Levocarnitine

“The renal-excretory clearance of LC and ALC also increased substantially after PLC administration and there was evidence for renal metabolism of PLC to LC and ALC.”

“Treatment with L-carnitine induced a significant post-exercise decrease of plasma lactate and pyruvate and a concurrent increase of acetylcarnitine.”

“The half-life of ALC (35.9+/-28.9h) and PLC (25.7+/-30.3 h) was also shorter than L-carnitine (P < 0.01).”

“Meanwhile, co-exposure to 100mg/kg LC significantly elevated the levels of LC, ALC and PLC in chicken embryo hearts.”

“However, … LC and ALC pretreatment reduced oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced cell injury and decreased OGD-induced cell apoptosis and death in vitro; at the same time, both of them increased the activities of super oxide dismutase (SOD) and ATPase, and decreased the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in vitro.”

“The administration of LCAR caused an increase in the ventricular levels of acetylcarnitine.”

“The hepatic uptake of PLC was significantly reduced in the presence of unlabeled LC (500 μM), indicating an inhibition of the sinusoidal membrane transport of PLC by LC.”

“Actually, an increased expression of the mRNA coding for the membrane Glucose Transporter-1 (GLUT-1) and a … modulator insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) were induced by in vitro treatment with L-carnitine …- acetylcarnitine separately and in combination; in fact, … concomitant treatment with both compounds.”

“Octanoylcarnitine, acetylcarnitine , and gamma-butyrobetaine showed potent inhibitory effects on CT1-mediated L-carnitine uptake; betaine and d-carnitine showed moderate inhibition.”

“In contrast, levels of total carnitine in the plasma of old rats given L-carnitine and L-acetyl carnitine for 4 d and 60 d were higher than in controls.”