Possible Interaction: Acetaminophen and Silymarin

“In animals, silymarin reduces liver injury caused by acetaminophen , carbon tetrachloride, radiation, iron overload, phenylhydrazine, alcohol, cold ischaemia and Amanita phalloides.”

“GSH concentrations in both cell lines decrease significantly after exposure to 20 mM APAP , or 0.5 mM versus control (p < 0.05), and increased (p < 0.001) if incubated with APAP and silymarin.”

“Since incubation with silymarin showed significant protection against APAP toxicity, it can be considered a cytoprotective agent in this in vitro model of drug toxicity.”

“Animals … paracetamol and … either silymarin or HEF showed reduced levels of liver (ALT, AST, and ALP) and kidney (urea, creatinine, and uric acid) markers compared with the … group as well as reduction of oxidative stress and increment antioxidant enzyme activity in liver tissue when compared with the paracetamol group.”

“Co-administration of ALE and/or silymarin to acetaminophen treated mice showed a significant reduction in PCNA expression compared to APAP group.”

“Histological examination suggests that necrosis the dominant cell death pathway in APAP intoxication, which is partially preventable by SLM pretreatment.”

“The P. acidus extracts and silymarin prevented the toxic effects of APAP or TAA on the above serum parameters indicating the hepatoprotective action.”

“The hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of silymarin is caused by its ability to inhibit the free radicals that are produced from the metabolism of toxic substances such as ethanol, acetaminophen , and carbon tetrachloride.”

“Results: … APAP , all mice died within 6 h. However, … and 1,000 mg/kg) or silymarin (300 and 1,000 mg/kg) increased the survival rate to 16.7%, 33.3%, 16.7%, … h. Conclusion: The results suggest that natsumikan has a protective effect on APAP-induced lethal hepatotoxicity.”

“Three compounds of natural origin, silymarin , kutkin and andrographolide at 10-20 mum, offered relatively modest protection ranging from 24 to 55% at best, against the growth inhibitory effect of paracetamol.”