Possible Interaction: Acetaminophen and Glutathione

“High levels of paracetamol can deplete intracellular GSH.”

“HIV-infected patients are, however, advised to avoid substances, such as acetaminophen and other pain relievers, that inherently lower glutathione levels.”

“… acetaminophen , there is potential for … and depletion of glutathione , which may result in mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage, but only at doses that result in cell death - thus making … to induce the kind of stable, genetic damage in the nucleus indicative of a genotoxic or carcinogenic hazard in humans.”

“In LO2 cells, APAP exposure decreased the cell viability and glutathione (GSH) content, which were both greatly restored by FMN pretreatment.”

“In all mice hepatic glutathione levels decreased after APAP injection, but they recovered more quickly in M1R-deficient mice.”

“ Acetaminophen reduced glutathione and enhanced chemotherapy efficacy in hepatic cancer treatment.”

“In vivo, acetaminophen was uniformly distributed in tissues and significantly reduced hepatic glutathione.”

“By itself, APAP increased MDA formation and had a significant lowering influence on the levels of GSH and GSSG, the GSH/GSSH ratio, and the activities of GR, GST and GCS both in the plasma and liver.”

“AA and GSH were effective in preventing APAP induced melanoma cell toxicity.”

“ APAP caused time and dose-dependent decline in intracellular GSH content in SK-MEL-28, which preceded cell toxicity.”

“The potency of acetaminophen against both purified ovine cyclooxygenase-1 (oCOX-1) and human cyclooxygenase-2 (hCOX-2) was increased approximately 30-fold by the presence of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione to give IC50 values of 33 microM and 980 microM, respectively.”

“Administration … glutathione glycoside (GSH-glyc), a compound newly synthesized … our laboratory, 2 h after acetaminophen injection prevented changes in the GSH and MDA preserving their levels nearly to those of controls; in addition, histological evidence of hepatocyte necrosis was either abolished or severely reduced in the majority of animals.”